The pentraxin family in autoimmune disease.

Abstract

The pentraxins represent a family of multifunctional proteins composed of long and short pentamers. The latter includes serum amyloid P component (SAP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) whereas the former includes neuronal PTX1 and PTX2 (NPTX1 and NPTX2, respectively), PTX3 and PTX4. These serve as a bridge between adaptive immunity and innate immunity and a link between inflammation and immunity. Similarities and differences between long and short pentamers are examined and their roles in autoimmune disease are discussed. Increased CRP and PTX3 could indicate the activity of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus or other autoimmune diseases. Mechanistically, CRP and PTX3 may predict target organ injury, regulate bone metabolic immunity and maintain homeostasis as well as participate in vascular endothelial remodeling. Interestingly, PTX3 is pleiotropic, being involved in inflammation and tissue repair. Given the therapeutic potential of PTX3 and CRP, targeting these factors to exert a beneficial effect is the focus of research efforts. Unfortunately, studies on NPTX1, NPTX2, PTX4 and SAP are scarce and more research is clearly needed to elaborate their potential roles in autoimmune disease.

• Authors: Yongzhen Li, Shouzan Zhang, Jingqi Liu, Yudi Zhang, Nan Zhang, Quan Cheng, Hao Zhang, Xiaochuan Wu
• Journal: Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry (Clin Chim Acta) Vol. 551 Pg. 117592 (Nov 01 2023) ISSN: 1873-3492 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 37832905 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• pectenotoxin-4
• C-Reactive Protein
• Serum Amyloid P-Component

Topics

• Humans
• Inflammation (metabolism)
• C-Reactive Protein (metabolism)
• Immunity, Innate
• Autoimmune Diseases
• Serum Amyloid P-Component