Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered the predominant cause of death globally. An abnormal increase in
biomarkers of oxidative stress and
inflammation are consistently linked with the development and even progression of
metabolic diseases, including enhanced CVD risk.
Coffee is considered one of the most consumed beverages in the world, while reviewed evidence regarding its capacity to modulate
biomarkers of oxidative stress and
inflammation remains limited. The current study made use of prominent electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus to retrieve information from randomized controlled trials reporting on any association between
coffee consumption and modulation of
biomarkers of oxidative stress and
inflammation in healthy individuals or those at increased risk of developing CVD. In fact, summarized evidence indicates that
coffee consumption, mainly due to its abundant
antioxidant properties, can reduce
biomarkers of oxidative stress and
inflammation, which can be essential in alleviating the CVD risk in healthy individuals. However, more evidence suggests that regular/prolonged use or long term (>4 weeks) consumption of
coffee appeared to be more beneficial in comparison with short-term intake (<4 weeks). These positive effects are also observed in individuals already presenting with increased CVD risk, although such evidence is very limited. The current analysis of data highlights the importance of understanding how
coffee consumption can be beneficial in strengthening intracellular
antioxidants to alleviate pathological features of oxidative stress and
inflammation to reduce CVD risk within the general population. Also covered within the review is essential information on the metabolism and bioavailability profile of
coffee, especially
caffeine as one of its major bioactive compounds.