Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (
ADPKD) is a
genetic disorder characterized by kidney
cyst formation and progressive kidney function loss. Dietary interventions such as
caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, and
ketogenic diet have recently emerged as potential strategies to induce metabolic reprogramming and slow
ADPKD progression. We review the available evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of these interventions in
ADPKD. Dietary interventions show promise in managing
ADPKD by improving metabolic health and reducing oxidative stress. However, while preclinical studies have shown favorable outcomes, limited clinical evidence supports their effectiveness. In addition, the long-term consequences of these dietary interventions, including their effect on adverse events in patients with
ADPKD, remain uncertain. To optimize
ADPKD management, patients are advised to follow a dietary regimen that aims to achieve or maintain an ideal body weight and includes high fluid intake, low
sodium, and limited concentrated sweets.
Caloric restriction seems particularly beneficial for patients with
overweight or
obesity because it promotes
weight loss and improves metabolic parameters. Supplementation with
curcumin,
ginkgolide B,
saponins,
vitamin E,
niacinamide, or
triptolide has demonstrated uncertain clinical benefit in patients with
ADPKD. Notably, β -hydroxybutyrate supplements have shown promise in animal models; however, their safety and efficacy in
ADPKD require further evaluation through well-designed clinical trials. Therefore, the use of these supplements is not currently recommended for patients with
ADPKD. In summary, dietary interventions such as
caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, and
ketogenic diet hold promise in
ADPKD management by enhancing metabolic health. However, extensive clinical research is necessary to establish their effectiveness and long-term effects. Adhering to personalized dietary guidelines, including weight management and specific nutritional restrictions, can contribute to optimal
ADPKD management. Future research should prioritize well-designed clinical trials to determine the benefits and safety of dietary interventions and supplementation in
ADPKD.