Immune Status and SARS-CoV-2 Viral Dynamics.

Abstract

Immunocompromised individuals are disproportionately affected by severe coronavirus disease 2019, but immune compromise is heterogenous, and viral dynamics may vary by the degree of immunosuppression. In this study, we categorized ACTIV-2/A5401 participants based on the extent of immunocompromise into none, mild, moderate, and severe immunocompromise. Moderate/severe immunocompromise was associated with higher nasal viral load at enrollment (adjusted difference in means: 0.47 95% confidence interval, .12-.83 log10 copies/mL) and showed a trend toward higher cumulative nasal RNA levels and plasma viremia compared to nonimmunocompromised individuals. Immunosuppression leads to greater viral shedding and altered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral decay kinetics. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04518410.

• Authors: Yijia Li, Carlee Moser, Evgenia Aga, Judith S Currier, David A Wohl, Eric S Daar, Justin Ritz, Alexander L Greninger, Scott Sieg, Urvi M Parikh, Robert W Coombs, Michael D Hughes, Joseph J Eron, Davey M Smith, Kara W Chew, Jonathan Z Li, ACTIV-2/A5401 Study Team
• Journal: The Journal of infectious diseases (J Infect Dis) Vol. 228 Issue Suppl 2 Pg. S111-S116 (08 31 2023) ISSN: 1537-6613 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 37650232 (Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
• Copyright: © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected].

Topics

• Humans
• COVID-19
• Immunocompromised Host
• Immunosuppression Therapy
• Kinetics
• SARS-CoV-2