Early and minimally invasive methods are required to predict the risk of multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes. A potential technique with growing interest utilizes the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), a physiological serum exudate found in the healthy gingival sulcus and in the
periodontal pocket in inflammatory conditions. Analysis of
biomarkers in the GCF is a minimally invasive method that can be feasible and cost-effective. The potential use of GCF
biomarkers along with other clinical indicators in early pregnancy may provide reliable predictors of several adverse pregnancy outcomes, therefore, reducing both maternal and fetal morbidities. Various studies have reported that increased or decreased concentrations of different
biomarkers in GCF are associated with a high risk of developing
pregnancy complications. In particular, such associations have been commonly demonstrated with
gestational diabetes,
pre-eclampsia, and pre-term birth. However, limited evidence is available regarding other
pregnancy complications such as preterm premature
rupture of membranes,
recurrent miscarriage, small for gestational age, and
hyperemesis gravidarum. In this review, we discuss the reported association between individual GCF
biomarkers and common
pregnancy complications. Future research is required to provide more solid evidence of the predictive value of those
biomarkers in estimating women's risk for each disorder.