Diet can be a helpful tool to enhance the quality of urine and lower the likelihood and recurrence of
kidney stones. This study set out to identify the foods and nutrients that are associated with each type of
calcium oxalate kidney stone formation. A single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted. Between 2018 and 2021, a sample of 90 cases (13 cases with papillary COM, 27 with non-papillary COM, and 50 with COD
kidney stones), as well as a control group of 50 people, were chosen. A food intake frequency questionnaire was completed by the study's participants, and the results were compared between groups. Additionally, a comparison of the 24 h urine analysis between stone groups was made. Processed food and meat derivatives were linked to COM papillary
calculi (OR = 1.051, p = 0.032 and OR = 1.013, p = 0.012, respectively). Consuming enough
calcium may offer protection against non-papillary COM stones (OR = 0.997; p = 0.002). Similarly, dairy product consumption was linked to COD
calculi (OR = 1.005, p = 0.001). In conclusion, a diet high in animal items may increase the risk of developing papillary COM stones. Consuming
calcium may be preventive against non-papillary COM
calculi, and dairy product consumption may be a risk factor for COD stones.