Optimizing glycation control in diabetes: An integrated approach for inhibiting nonenzymatic glycation reactions of biological macromolecules.

Abstract

Diabetes is a multifactorial disorder that increases mortality and disability due to its complications. A key driver of these complications is nonenzymatic glycation, which generates advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) that impair tissue function. Therefore, effective nonenzymatic glycation prevention and control strategies are urgently needed. This review comprehensively describes the molecular mechanisms and pathological consequences of nonenzymatic glycation in diabetes and outlines various anti-glycation strategies, such as lowering plasma glucose, interfering with the glycation reaction, and degrading early and late glycation products. Diet, exercise, and hypoglycemic medications can reduce the onset of high glucose at the source. Glucose or amino acid analogs such as flavonoids, lysine and aminoguanidine competitively bind to proteins or glucose to block the initial nonenzymatic glycation reaction. In addition, deglycation enzymes such as amadoriase, fructosamine-3-kinase, parkinson's disease protein, glutamine amidotransferase-like class 1 domain-containing 3A and terminal FraB deglycase can eliminate existing nonenzymatic glycation products. These strategies involve nutritional, pharmacological, and enzymatic interventions that target different stages of nonenzymatic glycation. This review also emphasizes the therapeutic potential of anti-glycation drugs for preventing and treating diabetes complications.

• Authors: Hongwei Song, Hongyan Ma, Junfeng Shi, Yongping Liu, Chengxia Kan, Ningning Hou, Jing Han, Xiaodong Sun, Hongyan Qiu
• Journal: International journal of biological macromolecules (Int J Biol Macromol) Vol. 243 Pg. 125148 (Jul 15 2023) ISSN: 1879-0003 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 37268079 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Glycation End Products, Advanced
• Proteins
• Glucose

Topics

• Humans
• Diabetes Mellitus (drug therapy, metabolism)
• Glycation End Products, Advanced (metabolism)
• Maillard Reaction
• Proteins (chemistry)
• Glucose (chemistry)