Shellfish are a leading cause of
allergies worldwide, affecting about one-tenth of the general population. The sarcoplasmic
calcium-binding protein, also known as
allergen Pen m 4, is an important factor in shrimp
allergies. Our objective was to assess the most effective techniques for producing a recombinant Pen m 4
protein as a potential tool for diagnosing shrimp
allergies. In this study, for the first time, we produced a functional recombinant Pen m 4
protein in a eukaryotic system, Pichia pastoris, and analyzed it against Escherichia coli-produced equivalents in
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent and reverse-phase
protein microarray assays. A dual tag system based on the
maltose-binding protein was successfully used to increase the yield of Pen m 4 by 1.3-2.3-fold in both bacteria and yeast, respectively. Immunological characterization showed that N-glycosylation is neither crucial for the folding of Pen m 4 nor its recognition by specific
IgE. However, the Ca2+-depletion assay indicated a dependence on
calcium ion presence in blood samples. Results demonstrate how a comparative analysis can elucidate essential
allergen manufacturing points. In conclusion, E. coli-produced Pen m 4
protein fused with the
maltose-binding protein should be the preferred option for further studies in Penaeus monodon
allergy diagnostics.