Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is the cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide that causes economic losses to poultry and is able to cause
infection in humans. Indigenous chicken breeds are a potential source of animal
protein and have the added advantage of being disease resistant. An indigenous chicken, Kashmir favorella and commercial broiler were selected for understanding the mechanism of
disease resistance. Following
infection in Kashmir favorella, three differentially expressed genes
Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB1),
Forkhead Box Protein O3 (FOXO3) and Paired box 5 (Pax5) were identified. FOXO3, a transcriptional activator, is the potential marker of host resistance in
Salmonella infection. NF-κB1 is an inducible
transcription factor which lays the foundation for studying gene network of the innate immune response of
Salmonella infection in chicken. Pax5 is essential for differentiation of pre-B cells into mature B cell. The real time PCR analysis showed that in response to Salmonella Typhimurium
infection a remarkable increase of NF-κB1 (P˂0.01), FOXO3 (P˂0.01) gene expression in liver and Pax5 (P˂0.01) gene expression in spleen of Kashmir favorella was observed. The
protein-
protein interaction (PPI) and
protein-TF interaction network by STRINGDB analysis suggests that FOXO3 is a hub gene in the network and is closely related to
Salmonella infection along with NF-κB1. All the three differentially expressed genes (NF-κB1, FOXO3 and PaX5) showed their influence on 12 interacting
proteins and 16 TFs, where cyclic
adenosine monophosphate Response Element
Binding protein (CREBBP), erythroblast transformation-specific (ETSI), Tumour-
protein 53(TP53I), IKKBK, lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF1), and
interferon regulatory factor-4 (IRF4) play role in immune responses. This study shall pave the way for newer strategies for treatment and prevention of
Salmonella infection and may help in increasing the innate
disease resistance.