Pulse Wave Amplitude Drops Index: A Biomarker of Cardiovascular Risk in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Abstract

Rationale: It is currently unclear which patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are at increased cardiovascular risk. Objective: To investigate the value of pulse wave amplitude drops (PWADs), reflecting sympathetic activations and vasoreactivity, as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk in OSA. Methods: PWADs were derived from pulse oximetry-based photoplethysmography signals in three prospective cohorts: HypnoLaus (N = 1,941), the Pays-de-la-Loire Sleep Cohort (PLSC; N = 6,367), and "Impact of Sleep Apnea syndrome in the evolution of Acute Coronary syndrome. Effect of intervention with CPAP" (ISAACC) (N = 692). The PWAD index was the number of PWADs (>30%) per hour during sleep. All participants were divided into subgroups according to the presence or absence of OSA (defined as ⩾15 or more events per hour or <15/h, respectively, on the apnea-hypopnea index) and the median PWAD index. Primary outcome was the incidence of composite cardiovascular events. Measurements and Main Results: Using Cox models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors (hazard ratio; HR [95% confidence interval]), patients with a low PWAD index and OSA had a higher incidence of cardiovascular events compared with the high-PWAD and OSA group and those without OSA in the HypnoLaus cohort (HR, 2.16 [1.07-4.34], P = 0.031; and 2.35 [1.12-4.93], P = 0.024) and in the PLSC (1.36 [1.13-1.63], P = 0.001; and 1.44 [1.06-1.94], P = 0.019), respectively. In the ISAACC cohort, the low-PWAD and OSA untreated group had a higher cardiovascular event recurrence rate than that of the no-OSA group (2.03 [1.08-3.81], P = 0.028). In the PLSC and HypnoLaus cohorts, every increase of 10 events per hour in the continuous PWAD index was negatively associated with incident cardiovascular events exclusively in patients with OSA (HR, 0.85 [0.73-0.99], P = 0.031; and HR, 0.91 [0.86-0.96], P < 0.001, respectively). This association was not significant in the no-OSA group and the ISAACC cohort. Conclusions: In patients with OSA, a low PWAD index reflecting poor autonomic and vascular reactivity was independently associated with a higher cardiovascular risk.

• Authors: Geoffroy Solelhac, Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre, Margaux Blanchard, Mathieu Berger, Camila Hirotsu, Théo Imler, Alicia Sánchez-de-la-Torre, Jose Haba-Rubio, Nicola Andrea Marchi, Virginie Bayon, Sébastien Bailly, François Goupil, Adrien Waeber, Grégory Heiniger, Thierry Pigeanne, Esther Gracia-Lavedan, Andrea Zapater, Jorge Abad, Estrella Ordax, María José Masdeu, Valentin Cabriada-Nuño, Carlos Egea, Sandra Van Den Broecke, Peter Vollenweider, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Julien Vaucher, Giulio Bernardi, Monica Betta, Francesca Siclari, Ferran Barbé, Frédéric Gagnadoux, Raphael Heinzer
• Journal: American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine (Am J Respir Crit Care Med) Vol. 207 Issue 12 Pg. 1620-1632 (06 15 2023) ISSN: 1535-4970 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 37017487 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Biomarkers

Topics

• Humans
• Cardiovascular Diseases (etiology, complications)
• Prospective Studies
• Risk Factors
• Sleep Apnea, Obstructive (complications)
• Heart Disease Risk Factors
• Biomarkers