Kidney transplantation is now a well-established
renal replacement therapy. However, renal transplant recipients are reported to have an increased incidence of
cancer. Although the recommended waiting period after each cancerous event in a recipient is indicated in the literature, there is no absolute certainty that
cancer will develop even after the recommended waiting period. In this study, we experienced a case of
bladder cancer after the recommended waiting period in a patient who had bladder preservation after a right
nephrectomy and left
nephroureterectomy. A 61-year-old man lost his right kidney due to
renal cancer in 2007 and his left kidney to urothelial
carcinoma in November 2017. The patient wanted a kidney transplant and bladder preservation at the time of the left
nephroureterectomy. The patient's wife offered to donate a kidney. After 2 years of
hemodialysis, there was no recurrence or
metastasis, and with the approval of the Ethics Committee, the patient received a kidney transplant in January 2020. Although the patient's renal function was good after the transplant, a
bladder tumor was found 20 months later and was resected transurethrally. The pathology was nonmuscle invasive
bladder cancer. This patient, who had lost both kidneys, was treated with bladder preservation
therapy. After subsequent
kidney transplantation, he developed
bladder cancer. Explaining to the patient the possibility of recurrence after a certain period and the increased risk of
cancer, in-depth consultation with the patient is necessary regarding bladder preservation. Regular checkups should be continued after
transplantation.