Bacterial gut microbiome differences in adults with ADHD and in children with ADHD on psychostimulant medication.

Abstract

Recent evidence suggests that there is a link between neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the gut microbiome. However, most studies to date have had low sample sizes, have not investigated the impact of psychostimulant medication, and have not adjusted for potential confounders, including body mass index, stool consistency and diet. To this end, we conducted the largest, to our knowledge, fecal shotgun metagenomic sequencing study in ADHD, with 147 well-characterized adult and child patients. For a subset of individuals, plasma levels of inflammatory markers and short-chain fatty acids were also measured. In adult ADHD patients (n = 84), compared to controls (n = 52), we found a significant difference in beta diversity both regarding bacterial strains (taxonomic) and bacterial genes (functional). In children with ADHD (n = 63), we found that those on psychostimulant medication (n = 33 on medication vs. n = 30 not on medication) had (i) significantly different taxonomic beta diversity, (ii) lower functional and taxonomic evenness, (iii) lower abundance of the strain Bacteroides stercoris CL09T03C01 and bacterial genes encoding an enzyme in vitamin B12 synthesis, and (iv) higher plasma levels of vascular inflammatory markers sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1. Our study continues to support a role for the gut microbiome in neurodevelopmental disorders and provides additional insights into the effects of psychostimulant medication. However, additional studies are needed to replicate these findings and examine causal relationships with the disorder.

• Authors: Miranda Stiernborg, J W Debelius, Liu L Yang, Elin Skott, Vincent Millischer, MaiBritt Giacobini, Philippe A Melas, Fredrik Boulund, Catharina Lavebratt
• Journal: Brain, behavior, and immunity (Brain Behav Immun) Vol. 110 Pg. 310-321 (05 2023) ISSN: 1090-2139 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 36940753 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Central Nervous System Stimulants

Topics

• Humans
• Child
• Adult
• Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (drug therapy)
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome
• Central Nervous System Stimulants (therapeutic use)
• Diet
• Feces