18-Oxocortisol: A journey.
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| Abstract |
The search for mineralocorticoids to explain some cases of low renin hypertension with suppressed aldosterone levels led to the isolation of the abundant steroid 18-hydroxycortisol in human urine. 18-Hydroxycortisol proved to be inactive, but because of its similarity to precursors for the synthesis of aldosterone, bullfrog adrenals were incubated with cortisol, resulting in the discovery of 18-oxocortisol which is structurally similar to aldosterone, but with a 17α-hydroxy group like cortisol. 18-Oxocortisol is a weak mineralocorticoid. Its synthesis occurs primarily in the zona glomerulosa where co-expression of the CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) and the CYP17A1 (17α-hydroxylase) occurs in a variable number of cells. The clinical value of the measurement of 18-oxocortisol is that it serves to distinguish subtypes of primary aldosteronism. It is significantly elevated in patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas in comparison to those with idiopathic bilateral hyperaldosteronism and helps predict the type of somatic mutation in the aldosterone-producing adenomas, as it is higher in those with KCNJ5 mutations compared to other gene mutations.
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| Authors | Celso E Gomez-Sanchez, Elise P Gomez-Sanchez |
| Journal | The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology (J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol) Vol. 230 Pg. 106291 (06 2023) ISSN: 1879-1220 [Electronic] England |
| PMID | 36921907 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural) |
| Copyright | Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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