Evaluating the efficacy of CGRP mAbs and gepants for the preventive treatment of migraine: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of phase 3 randomised controlled trials.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Several novel treatments targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway have been developed for migraine. We evaluated the efficacy of these medications, including atogepant, rimegepant, erenumab, eptinezumab, fremanezumab, and galcanezumab, for the prevention of migraine via network meta-analysis.

METHODS:

Databases, including MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane central, were systematically reviewed, and all eligible phase 3 randomised controlled trials were included.

RESULTS:

Nineteen studies (n = 14,584 participants) were included. Studies included episodic (n = 11) and chronic (n = 4) migraine or both (n = 4). All interventions, except for eptinzumab 30 mg, significantly reduced mean monthly migraine days compared to placebo. All medications had a higher ≥50% responder rate than placebo and results were statistically significant in those with the subcutaneous or intravenous route of administrations, but not with the oral one. All medications significantly reduced mean monthly headache days, although no data for this outcome was available for rimegepant, and mean monthly acute medication days, with no data for eptinezumab.

CONCLUSION:

The results show that medications targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide were effective in preventing migraine compared to placebo. Considering limitations of single studies, different populations such as episodic and chronic migraine, and the absence of head-to-head trials, all novel treatments decreased mean monthly migraine and headache days, and showed higher 50%, 75% and 100% responder rates than placebo.Trial registration: PROSPERO registration: CRD42022310579.

• Authors: Faraidoon Haghdoost, Francesca Puledda, David Garcia-Azorin, Eva-Maria Huessler, Roberta Messina, Patricia Pozo-Rosich
• Journal: Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache (Cephalalgia) Vol. 43 Issue 4 Pg. 3331024231159366 (04 2023) ISSN: 1468-2982 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 36855951 (Publication Type: Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review, Journal Article, Review)

Chemical References

• Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
• Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Antagonists

Topics

• Humans
• Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
• Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Antagonists (therapeutic use)
• Network Meta-Analysis
• Migraine Disorders (drug therapy, prevention & control)
• Headache
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic