Longitudinal IgA and IgG Response, and ACE2 Binding Blockade, to Full-Length SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Variants in a Population of Black PLWH Vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19.

Abstract

Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been pivotal in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic yet understanding the subsequent outcomes and immunological effects remain crucial, especially for at-risk groups e.g., people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH). In this study we report the longitudinal IgA and IgG antibody titers, as well as antibody-mediated angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding blockade, against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) proteins after 1 and 2 doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a population of Black PLWH. Here, we report that PLWH (N = 103) did not produce an anti-S IgA response after infection or vaccination, however, anti-S IgG was detected in response to vaccination and infection, with the highest level detected for infected vaccinated participants. The anti-IgG and ACE2 blockade assays revealed that both vaccination and infection resulted in IgG production, however, only vaccination resulted in a moderate increase in ACE2 binding blockade to the ancestral S protein. Vaccination with a previous infection results in the greatest anti-S IgG and ACE2 blockade for the ancestral S protein. In conclusion, PLWH produce an anti-S IgG response to the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and/or infection, and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination with a previous infection produced more neutralizing antibodies than vaccination alone.

• Authors: Muneerah Smith, Gaurav Kwatra, Alane Izu, Andrew Nel, Clare Cutland, Khatja Ahmed, Vicky Baillie, Shaun Barnabas, Qasim Bhorat, Carmen Briner, Erica Lazarus, Keertan Dheda, Lee Fairlie, Anthonet Koen, Shabir Madhi, Jonathan M Blackburn
• Journal: Viruses (Viruses) Vol. 15 Issue 2 (02 06 2023) ISSN: 1999-4915 [Electronic] Switzerland
• PMID: 36851662 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
• Antibodies, Blocking
• Antibodies, Neutralizing
• ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
• COVID-19 Vaccines
• Immunoglobulin A
• Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
• spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
• Immunoglobulin G

Topics

• Humans
• Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
• Antibodies, Blocking
• Antibodies, Neutralizing
• ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
• COVID-19 (prevention & control)
• COVID-19 Vaccines
• Immunoglobulin A
• Pandemics
• SARS-CoV-2 (genetics)
• Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
• Immunoglobulin G