Osteopetrosis is a rare hereditary illness generated by failure in osteoclasts resulting in elevated bone densities. Patients with
osteopetrosis possess several complications, like
dental caries, earlier teeth loss, delayed eruption, malformed
crowns and roots, and lamina dura thickening. Since deficiency of
carbonic anhydrase II is a major cause behind
osteopetrosis,
carbonic anhydrase II activators have a large number of applications in
osteopetrosis treatment. There is a lack of a comprehensive review on
osteopetrosis, pathogenesis of dental abnormalities, and the role of
carbonic anhydrase II activators in
osteopetrosis treatment. To address this research gap, the authros perfomed a comprehensive review on
osteopetrosis and its types, pathogenesis of dental abnormalities, and the role of
carbonic anhydrase II activators in
osteopetrosis treatment. A brief introduction to the pathogenesis of dental abnormalities and regeneration is provided in this survey. A discussion of types of
osteopetrosis depending on genetic inheritance, such as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked inheritance
osteopetrosis, is presented in this survey. The paper also focuses on the importance of
carbonic anhydrase II activators as a potential
drug therapy for dental
osteopetrosis. In addition, a brief note on the role of
azole and
fluconazole in treating
osteopetrosis is given. Finally, future directions involving gene therapy for dental
osteopetrosis are described.