Neomycin is a first-choice
antibiotic for treatment of porcine
enteritis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), but little is known about factors influencing resistance to this
drug. The aims of this study were to assess antimicrobial resistance and virulence in 325 E. coli isolates obtained in 2020 from various
infections in pigs, and to identify factors associated with
neomycin resistance development. Susceptibility to 16
antimicrobial agents was determined by broth microdilution, and occurrence of ETEC-associated
virulence factors was screened by PCR and
hemolysis on blood
agar. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if age group,
virulence factors, or
antibiotic use (
neomycin and other
antibiotics) were associated with
neomycin resistance. STa, STb, LT, F4, and F18 were detected in 14%, 37%, 26%, 21% and 23% of the isolates, respectively. Resistance was low for antimicrobials of high public health importance (1.5% for
cefotaxime, 1% for
colistin and no
fluoroquinolone resistance) but high for drugs used for treatment of ETEC
enteritis (e.g. 20% for
neomycin). Isolates with the ETEC pathotype were significantly associated with the weaner age group and intestinal/fecal origin. Multivariate analysis showed that recent
neomycin use and presence of F4 or F18 were significantly associated with
neomycin resistance amongst isolates from weaners. These results prove an association between
neomycin resistance and use at the farm level. Further research is warranted to determine why
neomycin resistance was associated with F4 and F18, and whether
neomycin use may co-select for virulent strains.