Extracts of Knoxia roxburghii (Spreng.) M. A. Rau Induce Apoptosis in Human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells via Mitochondrial Pathways.

Abstract	Knoxia roxburghii (Spreng.) M. A. Rau (KR) is a plant clinically used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of cancer. The study objectives were to examine the effects of KR extracts, petroleum ether (PET), ethyl acetate (EtoAc), butanol (n-BuOH), and H2O-soluble fractions (HSF) of the 75% EtOH extraction on A549 (non-small cell lung cancer), HepG2 (liver cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and L02 (normal hepatocyte) cells. It was found that HSF exhibited the strongest cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells, and was accompanied by reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential, increased levels of intra-cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activated caspases, and upregulated pro-apoptotic and downregulated anti-apoptotic proteins. LC-MS analysis further showed that HSF primarily consisted of calycosin, aloe emodin, rein, maackiain, asperuloside, orientin, vicenin-2, and kaempferide, which have been mostly reported for anti-tumor activity in previous studies. In summary, the current study illustrated the effect, mechanism, and the potential major active components of KR against breast cancer.
Authors	Xiao-Jiao Chen, Xin-Ying Pu, Xue-Mei Pu, Xue Li, Zhi-Bo Liu, Mi-Jia Mei, Xin-Ge Wang, Fan Zhang, Bin Qiu, Jie Yu
Journal	Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (Molecules) Vol. 27 Issue 19 (Sep 29 2022) ISSN: 1420-3049 [Electronic] Switzerland
PMID	36234972 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
Chemical References	Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins Butanols Plant Extracts Reactive Oxygen Species Caspases
Topics	Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic (pharmacology, therapeutic use) Apoptosis Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins Breast Neoplasms (drug therapy, pathology) Butanols Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung Caspases (metabolism) Cell Proliferation Female Humans Lung Neoplasms MCF-7 Cells Plant Extracts (pharmacology, therapeutic use) Reactive Oxygen Species (metabolism) Rubiaceae (metabolism)

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