Corneal transplantation is the most effective treatment for corneal
blindness. Standard planned
keratoplasties have a high success rate. Conditions such as active
inflammation at the time of surgery, the presence of ocular surface disease, previous graft disease, or neovascularization make them more susceptible to rejection. These are so-called high-risk
corneal transplantations. In our study, we selected 52 patients with a higher risk of graft rejection. A total of 78 procedures were performed. The main indications for the first
keratoplasty were
infections (59.6%) and
traumas (21.2%). Visual acuity (VA) significantly improved from 2.05 logMAR on the day of
keratoplasty to 1.66 logMAR in the latest examination (p = 0.003). An analysis of the graft survival showed a 1-year survival of 54% and a 5-year survival of 19.8% of grafts. The mean observation time without complications after the first, second, and third surgery was 23, 13, and 14 months, respectively. The best results were noted among patients with infectious indications for
keratoplasty (p = 0.001). Among them, those with
bacterial infection had the best visual outcomes (p = 0.047).