The
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused over 600,000,000
infections globally thus far. Up to 30% of individuals with mild to severe disease develop
long COVID, exhibiting diverse
neurologic symptoms including
dementias. However, there is a paucity of knowledge of molecular brain markers and whether these can precipitate the onset of
Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we report the brain gene expression profiles of severe
COVID-19 patients showing increased expression of innate immune response genes and genes implicated in AD pathogenesis. The use of a mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV-2 (MA10) in an aged mouse model shows evidence of viral neurotropism, prolonged
viral infection, increased expression of tau aggregator FKBP51,
interferon-inducible gene Ifi204, and
complement genes C4 and C5AR1. Brain histopathology shows AD signatures including increased tau-phosphorylation, tau-oligomerization, and α-
synuclein expression in aged MA10 infected mice. The results of gene expression profiling of SARS-CoV-2-infected and AD brains and studies in the MA10 aged mouse model taken together, for the first time provide evidence suggesting that
SARS-CoV-2 infection alters expression of genes in the brain associated with the development of AD. Future studies of common molecular markers in
SARS-CoV-2 infection and AD could be useful for developing novel
therapies targeting AD.