Tumor metastasis and recurrence are recognized to be the main causes of failure in
cancer treatment. To address these issues, an "all in one" and "one for all" nanoplatform was established for combined "chemo-immuno-
photothermal" therapy with the expectation to improve the antitumor efficacy. Herein,
Docetaxel (
DTX, a chemo-agent) and cynomorium songaricum
polysaccharide (CSP, an
immunomodulator) were loaded into
zein nanoparticles coated by a
green tea polyphenols/
iron coordination complex (
GTP/FeIII, a photothermal agent). From the result, the obtained nanoplatform denoted as DTX-loaded
Zein/CSP-
GTP/FeIII NPs was spherical in morphology with an average particle size of 274 nm, and achieved pH-responsive drug release. Moreover, the nanoplatform exhibited excellent photothermal effect both in vitro and in vivo. It was also observed that the nanoparticles could be effectively up take by
tumor cells and inhibited their migration. From the results of the in vivo experiment, this nanoplatform could completely eliminate the primary
tumors, prevent
tumor relapses on LLC (Lewis
lung cancer)
tumor models, and significantly inhibit
metastasis on 4T1 (murine
breast cancer)
tumor models. The underlying mechanism was also explored. It was discovered that this nanoplatform could induce a strong ICD effect and promote the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) including CRT,
ATP, and
HMGB1 by the dying
tumor cells. And the CSP could assist the DAMPs in inducing the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and facilitate the intratumoral infiltration of T lymphocytes to clear up the residual or disseminated
tumor cells. In summary, this study demonstrated that the DTX-loaded
Zein/CSP-
GTP/FeIII is a promising nanoplatform to completely inhibit
tumor metastasis and recurrence.