Abstract |
Bites by elapid snakes (e.g. cobras) can result in life-threatening paralysis caused by venom neurotoxins blocking neuromuscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Here, we determine the cryo-EM structure of the muscle-type Torpedo receptor in complex with ScNtx, a recombinant short-chain α- neurotoxin. ScNtx is pinched between loop C on the principal subunit and a unique hairpin in loop F on the complementary subunit, thereby blocking access to the neurotransmitter binding site. ScNtx adopts a binding mode that is tilted toward the complementary subunit, forming a wider network of interactions than those seen in the long-chain α-Bungarotoxin complex. Certain mutations in ScNtx at the toxin-receptor interface eliminate inhibition of neuronal α7 nAChRs, but not of human muscle-type receptors. These observations explain why ScNtx binds more tightly to muscle-type receptors than neuronal receptors. Together, these data offer a framework for understanding subtype-specific actions of short-chain α- neurotoxins and inspire strategies for design of new snake antivenoms.
|
Authors | Mieke Nys, Eleftherios Zarkadas, Marijke Brams, Aujan Mehregan, Kumiko Kambara, Jeroen Kool, Nicholas R Casewell, Daniel Bertrand, John E Baenziger, Hugues Nury, Chris Ulens |
Journal | Nature communications
(Nat Commun)
Vol. 13
Issue 1
Pg. 4543
(08 04 2022)
ISSN: 2041-1723 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 35927270
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
|
Copyright | © 2022. The Author(s). |
Chemical References |
- Bungarotoxins
- Neurotoxins
- Receptors, Nicotinic
|
Topics |
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Bungarotoxins
(metabolism)
- Elapidae
- Humans
- Muscles
(metabolism)
- Neurotoxins
(chemistry)
- Receptors, Nicotinic
(metabolism)
|