Mapping SARS-CoV-2 antigenic relationships and serological responses.

Abstract

During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, multiple variants escaping pre-existing immunity emerged, causing concerns about continued protection. Here, we use antigenic cartography to analyze patterns of cross-reactivity among a panel of 21 variants and 15 groups of human sera obtained following primary infection with 10 different variants or after mRNA-1273 or mRNA-1273.351 vaccination. We find antigenic differences among pre-Omicron variants caused by substitutions at spike protein positions 417, 452, 484, and 501. Quantifying changes in response breadth over time and with additional vaccine doses, our results show the largest increase between 4 weeks and >3 months post-2nd dose. We find changes in immunodominance of different spike regions depending on the variant an individual was first exposed to, with implications for variant risk assessment and vaccine strain selection.

• Authors: Samuel H Wilks, Barbara Mühlemann, Xiaoying Shen, Sina Türeli, Eric B LeGresley, Antonia Netzl, Miguela A Caniza, Jesus N Chacaltana-Huarcaya, Victor M Corman, Xiaoju Daniell, Michael B Datto, Fatimah S Dawood, Thomas N Denny, Christian Drosten, Ron A M Fouchier, Patricia J Garcia, Peter J Halfmann, Agatha Jassem, Lara M Jeworowski, Terry C Jones, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Florian Krammer, Charlene McDanal, Rolando Pajon, Viviana Simon, Melissa S Stockwell, Haili Tang, Harm van Bakel, Vic Veguilla, Richard Webby, David C Montefiori, Derek J Smith
• Journal: bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology (bioRxiv) (Jun 16 2023) United States
• PMID: 35860221 (Publication Type: Preprint)