Carbon Dots (CDs) have recently attracted a considerable amount of attention thanks to their well-documented biocompatibility, tunable photoluminescence, and excellent water solubility. However, CDs need further analysis before their potential use in clinical trials. Previously, we reported a new type of
carbon nitride dot (CND) that displayed selective
cancer uptake traits attributed to structural resemblances between CNDs and
glutamine. Here, the effects of surface structural differences on the cellular uptake of CNDs are further investigated to understand their selective
cancer cell uptake trend. Beyond enhanced
drug loading on modified CNDs, our cytotoxicity, western blotting and bioimaging studies proposed that modified CNDs' cellular uptake mechanism is thoroughly linked with ASCT2 and LAT1 transporters. Therefore, CNDs have a promising trait of selective
cancer cell targeting by utilizing highly expressed transporters on
cancer cells. Additionally,
drug loaded CNDs exhibited improved anti-
cancer efficacies towards
cancer cells along with good non-
tumor biocompatibilities.