Cleavage of tropomodulin-3 by asparagine endopeptidase promotes cancer malignancy by actin remodeling and SND1/RhoA signaling.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Abnormal proliferation and migration of cells are hallmarks of cancer initiation and malignancy. Asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) has specific substrate cleavage ability and plays a pro-cancer role in a variety of cancers. However, the underlying mechanism of AEP in cancer proliferation and migration still remains unclear.

METHODS:

Co-immunoprecipitation and following mass spectrometry were used to identify the substrate of AEP. Western blotting was applied to measure the expression of proteins. Single cell/nuclear-sequences were done to detect the heterogeneous expression of Tmod3 in tumor tissues. CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry assays, colony formation assay, Transwell assay and scratch wound-healing assay were performed as cellular functional experiments. Mouse intracranial xenograft tumors were studied in in vivo experiments.

RESULTS:

Here we showed that AEP cleaved a ubiquitous cytoskeleton regulatory protein, tropomodulin-3 (Tmod3) at asparagine 157 (N157) and produced two functional truncations (tTmod3-N and tTmod3-C). Truncated Tmod3 was detected in diverse tumors and was found to be associated with poor prognosis of high-grade glioma. Functional studies showed that tTmod3-N and tTmod3-C enhanced cancer cell migration and proliferation, respectively. Animal models further revealed the tumor-promoting effects of AEP truncated Tmod3 in vivo. Mechanistically, tTmod3-N was enriched in the cell cortex and competitively inhibited the pointed-end capping effect of wild-type Tmod3 on filamentous actin (F-actin), leading to actin remodeling. tTmod3-C translocated to the nucleus, where it interacted with Staphylococcal Nuclease And Tudor Domain Containing 1 (SND1), facilitating the transcription of Ras Homolog Family Member A/Cyclin Dependent Kinases (RhoA/CDKs).

CONCLUSION:

The newly identified AEP-Tmod3 protease signaling axis is a novel "dual-regulation" mechanism of tumor cell proliferation and migration. Our work provides new clues to the underlying mechanisms of cancer proliferation and invasive progression and evidence for targeting AEP or Tmod3 for therapy.

• Authors: Binghong Chen, Mengying Wang, Junjun Qiu, Keman Liao, Wenrui Zhang, Qi Lv, Chunhui Ma, Zhongrun Qian, Zhonggang Shi, Rong Liang, Yan Lin, Jiazhou Ye, Yongming Qiu, Yingying Lin
• Journal: Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR (J Exp Clin Cancer Res) Vol. 41 Issue 1 Pg. 209 (Jun 28 2022) ISSN: 1756-9966 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 35765111 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: © 2022. The Author(s).

Chemical References

• Actins
• Cytoskeletal Proteins
• TMOD3 protein, human
• Tropomodulin
• RHOA protein, human
• Cyclin-Dependent Kinases
• Endonucleases
• SND1 protein, human
• Cysteine Endopeptidases
• asparaginylendopeptidase
• rhoA GTP-Binding Protein

Topics

• Actins (metabolism)
• Animals
• Brain Neoplasms (metabolism, pathology)
• Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (metabolism)
• Cysteine Endopeptidases (metabolism)
• Cytoskeletal Proteins
• Endonucleases (metabolism)
• Glioma (metabolism, pathology)
• Heterografts
• Humans
• Mice
• Signal Transduction
• Tropomodulin (metabolism)
• rhoA GTP-Binding Protein (metabolism)