Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1: From a Nutrient Sensor to a Key Regulator of Metabolism and Health.

Abstract

Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a multi-protein complex widely found in eukaryotes. It serves as a central signaling node to coordinate cell growth and metabolism by sensing diverse extracellular and intracellular inputs, including amino acid-, growth factor-, glucose-, and nucleotide-related signals. It is well documented that mTORC1 is recruited to the lysosomal surface, where it is activated and, accordingly, modulates downstream effectors involved in regulating protein, lipid, and glucose metabolism. mTORC1 is thus the central node for coordinating the storage and mobilization of nutrients and energy across various tissues. However, emerging evidence indicated that the overactivation of mTORC1 induced by nutritional disorders leads to the occurrence of a variety of metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, as well as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging. That the mTORC1 pathway plays a crucial role in regulating the occurrence of metabolic diseases renders it a prime target for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Here, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying how mTORC1 integrates metabolic inputs as well as the role of mTORC1 in the regulation of nutritional and metabolic diseases.

• Authors: Guoyan Wang, Lei Chen, Senlin Qin, Tingting Zhang, Junhu Yao, Yanglei Yi, Lu Deng
• Journal: Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) (Adv Nutr) Vol. 13 Issue 5 Pg. 1882-1900 (10 02 2022) ISSN: 2156-5376 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 35561748 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.

Chemical References

• Amino Acids
• Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
• Lipids
• Nucleotides
• Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1
• TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
• Glucose

Topics

• Amino Acids (metabolism)
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
• Glucose (metabolism)
• Humans
• Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
• Lipids
• Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1
• Metabolic Diseases (metabolism)
• Nucleotides
• Nutrients
• TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases (metabolism)