Pharmacological mechanisms of chitotriose as a redox regulator in the treatment of rat inflammatory bowel disease.

Abstract	Although extensive development has been made in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), adverse effects and incomplete efficacy of currently used medications are continuous challenge. Accumulated reports on the benefits of chitosan oligosaccharides in intestinal disorders make chitotriose (COS) a breakthrough in the development of new IBD drugs. This study aimed to investigate the biosafety, efficacy and pharmacological mechanisms of COS in the treatment of experimental IBD in compare with the commercial 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). In this study, COS effectively relieved active inflammation, restored epithelial function, and reduced intestinal fibrosis. Further investigation demonstrated that COS treatment regulated redox state of the colon tissue by stimulating the transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), increasing production of endogenous antioxidants, and alleviating oxidative stress. The offset of oxidative stress shut down the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB) inflammatory pathway, mitophagy of epithelial cells, M2 macrophage polarization in pre-fibrotic inflammation, and myofibroblast activation in intestinal fibrogenesis. In conclusion, COS is a safe and effective therapeutic agent for experimental IBD as a redox regulator. Our results expand the current understanding of the pharmacology of chitosan oligosaccharides for IBD treatment and provides experimental basis for the medicinal development of small molecule carbohydrates.
Authors	Kai Hu, Xiaozheng Yuan, Huan He, Hui Zhang, Fengsong Wang, Jing Qiao
Journal	Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (Biomed Pharmacother) Vol. 150 Pg. 112988 (Jun 2022) ISSN: 1950-6007 [Electronic] France
PMID	35468583 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
Copyright	Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.
Chemical References	Trisaccharides chitotriose Chitosan
Topics	Animals Chitosan (pharmacology, therapeutic use) Inflammation (metabolism) Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (drug therapy, metabolism) Oxidation-Reduction Oxidative Stress Rats Signal Transduction Trisaccharides (pharmacology, therapeutic use)

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