Abstract |
Primary liver cancer includes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Incidence of liver cancer has been increasing in recent years, and the 5-year survival is <20%. HCC and CCA are often accompanied with a dense stroma coupled with infiltrated immune cells, which is referred to as the tumor microenvironment. Populations of specific immune cells, such as high density of CD163+ macrophages and low density of CD8+ T cells, are associated with prognosis and survival rates in both HCC and CCA. Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment can be a therapeutic target for liver cancer treatments. Previous studies have introduced immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors, pulsed dendritic cells, or transduced T cells, to enhance cytotoxicity of immune cells and inhibit tumor growth. This review summarizes current understanding of the roles of immune cells in primary liver cancer covering HCC and CCA.
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Authors | Linh Pham, Konstantina Kyritsi, Tianhao Zhou, Ludovica Ceci, Leonardo Baiocchi, Lindsey Kennedy, Sanjukta Chakraborty, Shannon Glaser, Heather Francis, Gianfranco Alpini, Keisaku Sato |
Journal | The American journal of pathology
(Am J Pathol)
Vol. 192
Issue 6
Pg. 826-836
(06 2022)
ISSN: 1525-2191 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 35337836
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Review, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2022 American Society for Investigative Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
Topics |
- Bile Duct Neoplasms
(pathology)
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic
(pathology)
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
(pathology)
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
(pathology)
- Cholangiocarcinoma
(pathology)
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms
(pathology)
- Tumor Microenvironment
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