Signaling pathways and targeted therapy for myocardial infarction.

Abstract

Although the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) has improved considerably, it is still a worldwide disease with high morbidity and high mortality. Whilst there is still a long way to go for discovering ideal treatments, therapeutic strategies committed to cardioprotection and cardiac repair following cardiac ischemia are emerging. Evidence of pathological characteristics in MI illustrates cell signaling pathways that participate in the survival, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy of cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, monocytes, and stem cells. These signaling pathways include the key players in inflammation response, e.g., NLRP3/caspase-1 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB; the crucial mediators in oxidative stress and apoptosis, for instance, Notch, Hippo/YAP, RhoA/ROCK, Nrf2/HO-1, and Sonic hedgehog; the controller of myocardial fibrosis such as TGF-β/SMADs and Wnt/β-catenin; and the main regulator of angiogenesis, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, JAK/STAT, Sonic hedgehog, etc. Since signaling pathways play an important role in administering the process of MI, aiming at targeting these aberrant signaling pathways and improving the pathological manifestations in MI is indispensable and promising. Hence, drug therapy, gene therapy, protein therapy, cell therapy, and exosome therapy have been emerging and are known as novel therapies. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic strategies for MI by regulating these associated pathways, which contribute to inhibiting cardiomyocytes death, attenuating inflammation, enhancing angiogenesis, etc. so as to repair and re-functionalize damaged hearts.

• Authors: Qing Zhang, Lu Wang, Shiqi Wang, Hongxin Cheng, Lin Xu, Gaiqin Pei, Yang Wang, Chenying Fu, Yangfu Jiang, Chengqi He, Quan Wei
• Journal: Signal transduction and targeted therapy (Signal Transduct Target Ther) Vol. 7 Issue 1 Pg. 78 (03 10 2022) ISSN: 2059-3635 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 35273164 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
• Copyright: © 2022. The Author(s).

Chemical References

• Hedgehog Proteins

Topics

• Endothelial Cells (metabolism)
• Hedgehog Proteins (genetics, therapeutic use)
• Humans
• Inflammation (pathology)
• Myocardial Infarction (genetics, therapy)
• Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (metabolism)
• Signal Transduction