Abstract | BACKGROUND: The incidence of breast cancer in transmale patients and their continued risk after gender-affirming mastectomy (GAM) has not been well established. Plastic surgeons who offer GAM are often one of the few medical professionals sought out by this population, placing them in a unique position to not only deliver surgical care but also improve access to preventative cancer care. METHODS: We reviewed the senior author's experience with GAMs over the past 5 years for any incidence of breast cancer noted after or at time of surgery. We subsequently performed a thorough review of the literature for cases of breast cancer in transmen, to provide a comprehensive overview of screening, therapy, and postoperative surveillance practices. RESULTS: CONCLUSIONS: Most documented cases of breast cancer in transmen were diagnosed after gender-affirming surgery, which would suggest residual breast tissue does pose some risk for breast cancer. In addition, those diagnosed with cancer may elect to continue exogenous testosterone therapy despite potential added risks with hormone-receptor positivity. These cases highlight the need for agreement in current screening practices, surgical recommendations, and continuation of masculinizing hormone therapy.Plastic surgeons have the unique opportunity to educate these patients on appropriate breast cancer-related surveillance both before and after chest surgery.
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Authors | Nisha Parmeshwar, Siyou Song, Andre Alcon, Esther A Kim |
Journal | Annals of plastic surgery
(Ann Plast Surg)
Vol. 88
Issue 4 Suppl 4
Pg. S332-S336
(05 01 2022)
ISSN: 1536-3708 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 35180758
(Publication Type: Review, Journal Article)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- Receptors, Progesterone
- Receptors, Estrogen
- Hormones
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Topics |
- Humans
- Female
- Breast Neoplasms
(epidemiology, surgery, pathology)
- Mastectomy
- Receptors, Progesterone
- Receptors, Estrogen
- Incidence
- Hormones
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