Computed tomography features of spontaneous acute intracranial hemorrhages in a tertiary hospital in Southern Ghana.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:

spontaneous acute intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) accounts for approximately 10-15% of all stroke cases. Early detection by computed tomography (CT) and early treatment are key. Hence this study to examine the CT features of SICH.

METHODS:

this retrospective cohort study reviewed all 435 patients diagnosed with SICH from 1st March, 2017 to 1st January, 2021 in a tertiary facility in Southern Ghana. Data collected (age, sex, SICH type and the CT scan features) were organized and analyzed using GNU PSPP and Libre Office Calc. Statistical significance level was pegged at p≤0.05.

RESULTS:

the SICH types were acute intracerebral hemorrhage (97.93%), acute subarachnoid/intraventricular hemorrhage (1.15%), acute epidural hemorrhage (0.46%) and acute subdural hemorrhage (0.46%). Acute intracerebral hemorrhage was more common in those >60 years (57.75%, p<0.001). The commonest CT feature for acute intracerebral hemorrhage was hyperdense lesion with perilesional edema (40.98%), with smoking (OR=2.24, 95% CI: 1.14-4.41, p=0.019) and anticoagulants intake (OR=2.56, 95% CI: 1.15-5.72, p=0.022) as the predictive factors; followed by hyperdense lesion extending to the edge of the brain (25.03%), also predictable by smoking (OR=0.23, 95% CI: 0.11-0.47, p<0.001); and hyperdense lesion with mass effects (22.70%) was not predictive with any risk factor. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (60.00%, p<0.001) and smoking (97.83%, p<0.001) were more common in males.

CONCLUSION:

hyperdense lesion with perilesional edema was the most frequent CT feature for acute intracerebral hemorrhage and was predictable by smoking and anticoagulants intake. Smoking was a predictive factor to the development of most of the features of acute intracerebral hemorrhage.

• Authors: Emmanuel Kobina Mesi Edzie, Klenam Dzefi-Tettey, Edmund Kwakye Brakohiapa, Philip Narteh Gorleku, Eric Aidoo, Kwasi Agyen-Mensah, Peter Appiah-Thompson, Adu Tutu Amankwa, Ewurama Andam Idun, Frank Quarshie, Richard Ato Edzie, Benard Osei, Prosper Dziwornu, Abdul Raman Asemah
• Journal: The Pan African medical journal (Pan Afr Med J) Vol. 40 Pg. 226 ( 2021) ISSN: 1937-8688 [Electronic] Uganda
• PMID: 35145588 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright: Emmanuel Kobina Mesi Edzie et al.

Topics

• Cerebral Hemorrhage (diagnostic imaging, epidemiology, etiology)
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
• Ghana (epidemiology)
• Humans
• Intracranial Hemorrhages (diagnostic imaging, epidemiology, etiology)
• Male
• Retrospective Studies
• Stroke
• Tertiary Care Centers
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed