B-nor-methylene Colchicinoid PT-100 Selectively Induces Apoptosis in Multidrug-Resistant Human Cancer Cells via an Intrinsic Pathway in a Caspase-Independent Manner.

Abstract

Colchicine, the main active alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L., is a potent tubulin binder and represents an interesting lead structure for the development of potential anticancer chemotherapeutics. We report on the synthesis and investigation of potentially reactive colchicinoids and their surprising biological activities. In particular, the previously undescribed colchicinoid PT-100, a B-ring contracted 6-exo-methylene colchicinoid, exhibits extraordinarily high antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects on various types of cancer cell lines like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Nalm6), acute myeloid leukemia (HL-60), Burkitt-like lymphoma (BJAB), human melanoma (MelHO), and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cells at low nanomolar concentrations. Apoptosis induction proved to be especially high in multidrug-resistant Nalm6-derived cancer cell lines, while healthy human leukocytes and hepatocytes were not affected by the concentration range studied. Furthermore, caspase-independent initiation of apoptosis via an intrinsic pathway was observed. PT-100 also shows strong synergistic effects in combination with vincristine on BJAB and Nalm6 cells. Cocrystallization of PT-100 with tubulin dimers revealed its (noncovalent) binding to the colchicine-binding site of β-tubulin at the interface to the α-subunit. A pronounced effect of PT-100 on the cytoskeleton morphology was shown by fluorescence microscopy. While the reactivity of PT-100 as a weak Michael acceptor toward thiols was chemically proven, it remains unclear whether this contributes to the remarkable biological properties of this unusual colchicinoid.

• Authors: Andreas Stein, Persefoni Hilken Née Thomopoulou, Corazon Frias, Sina M Hopff, Paloma Varela, Nicola Wilke, Arul Mariappan, Jörg-Martin Neudörfl, Alexey Yu Fedorov, Jay Gopalakrishnan, Benoît Gigant, Aram Prokop, Hans-Günther Schmalz
• Journal: ACS omega (ACS Omega) Vol. 7 Issue 3 Pg. 2591-2603 (Jan 25 2022) ISSN: 2470-1343 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 35097257 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.