Several studies reported hematological abnormalities after vaccination against the
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We evaluated the association between
COVID-19 vaccines (
CoronaVac and
BNT162b2) and hematological abnormalities. We conducted nested case-control and self-controlled case series analyses using the data from the Hong Kong Hospital Authority and the Department of Health, HKSAR. Outcomes of interest were
thrombocytopenia,
leukopenia, and
neutropenia. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs), incidence rate ratios (IRRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. In total, 1 643 419 people received
COVID-19 vaccination (738 609
CoronaVac; 904 810
BNT162b2). We identified 457 and 422 cases after
CoronaVac and
BNT162b2 vaccination, respectively. For
CoronaVac, the incidence of
thrombocytopenia,
leukopenia, and
neutropenia was 2.51, 1.08, and 0.15 per 10 000 doses. For
BNT162b2, the corresponding incidence was 1.39, 1.17, and 0.26 per 10 000 doses. The incidence per 10 000
COVID-19 cases were 1254, 2341, and 884, respectively. We only observed an increased risk of
leukopenia following the second dose of
BNT162b2 (aOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.24-2.02; day 0-14,
IRR 2.21; 95% CI 1.59-3.08). There was no increased risk of any hematological abnormalities after
CoronaVac vaccination. We observed an increased risk of
leukopenia shortly after the second dose of
BNT162b2. However, the incidence was much lower than the incidence following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
infections. There was no association between
CoronaVac and hematological abnormalities. The benefits of vaccination against
COVID-19 still outweigh the risk of hematological abnormalities.