Shoe Allergens: A Retrospective Analysis of Cross-sectional Data From the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 2005-2018.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Shoe contact allergy can be difficult to diagnose and manage.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of the study was to characterize demographics, clinical characteristics, patch test results, and occupational data for the North American Contact Dermatitis Group patients with shoe contact allergy.

METHODS:

This is a retrospective study of 33,661 patients, patch tested from 2005 to 2018, with a shoe source, foot as 1 of 3 sites of dermatitis, and final primary diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis.

RESULTS:

Three hundred fifty-two patients met the inclusion criteria. They were more likely to be male (odds ratio = 3.36, confidence interval = 2.71-4.17) and less likely to be older than 40 years (odds ratio = 0.49, confidence interval = 0.40-0.61) compared with others with positive patch test reactions. The most common relevant North American Contact Dermatitis Group screening allergens were potassium dichromate (29.8%), p-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resin (20.1%), thiuram mix (13.3%), mixed dialkyl thioureas (12.6%), and carba mix (12%). A total of 29.8% (105/352) had positive patch test reactions to supplemental allergens, and 12.2% (43/352) only had reactions to supplemental allergens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Shoe contact allergy was more common in younger and male patients. Potassium dichromate and p-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resin were the top shoe allergens. Testing supplemental allergens, personal care products, and shoe components should be part of a comprehensive evaluation of suspected shoe contact allergy.

• Authors: Amber Reck Atwater, Raina Bembry, Cynthia L Green, Joel G DeKoven, Erin M Warshaw, Donald V Belsito, Howard I Maibach, Jonathan I Silverberg, James S Taylor, Margo J Reeder, Kathryn A Zug, Joseph F Fowler Jr, Melanie D Pratt, Denis Sasseville, Vincent A DeLeo
• Journal: Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug (Dermatitis) 2022 Jan-Feb 01 Vol. 33 Issue 1 Pg. 62-69 ISSN: 2162-5220 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 35029350 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2021 American Contact Dermatitis Society. All Rights Reserved.

Chemical References

• Allergens
• Coloring Agents
• Resins, Synthetic
• p-tert-butylphenolformaldehyde resin
• Rubber

Topics

• Adult
• Allergens (adverse effects)
• Coloring Agents (adverse effects)
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Dermatitis, Allergic Contact (diagnosis, etiology)
• Female
• Foot Dermatoses (diagnosis, etiology)
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• North America
• Patch Tests (methods)
• Resins, Synthetic (adverse effects)
• Retrospective Studies
• Rubber (adverse effects)
• Shoes (adverse effects)
• Young Adult