Acetylation represents an extensively occurring
protein post-translational modification (PTM) that plays a key role in many cellular physiological and biochemical processes. However, studies on PTMs such as acetylation of
lysine (LysAc) in cyanobacteria are still rare. In this study, a quantitative LysAc approach (acetylome) on the strains of Nostoc flagelliforme subjected to different
dehydration treatments was conducted. We observed that
starch contents were significantly accumulated due to
dehydration treatments, and we identified 2474 acetylpeptides and 1060 acetylproteins based on acetylome analysis. Furthermore, an integrative analysis was performed on acetylome and nontargeted metabolism, and the results showed that many KEGG terms were overlapped for both omics analyses, including
starch and
sucrose metabolism, transporter activity, and
carbon metabolism. In addition, time series clustering was analyzed, and some
proteins related to
carbon metabolism and the ROS scavenging system were significantly enriched in the list of differentially abundant acetylproteins (DAAPs). These
protein expression levels were further tested by qPCR. A working model was finally proposed to show the biological roles of
protein acetylation from
carbon metabolism and the ROS scavenging system in response to
dehydration in N. flagelliforme. We highlighted that LysAc was essential for the regulation of key metabolic
enzymes in the
dehydration stress response.