Abstract | BACKGROUND: OBJECTIVES: METHODS: Prospective disease association analyses were undertaken in Women's Health Initiative (WHI) cohorts of postmenopausal US women, aged 50-79 y when enrolled at 40 US clinical centers. Biomarkers were developed using an embedded human feeding study (n = 153). Calibration equations for protein and carbohydrate components were developed using a WHI nutritional biomarker study (n = 436). Calibrated intakes were associated with chronic disease incidence in WHI cohorts (n = 81,954) over a 20-y (median) follow-up period, using HR regression methods. RESULTS: Previously reported elevations in cardiovascular disease (CVD) with higher- protein diets tended to be explained by animal protein density. For example, for coronary heart disease a 20% increment in animal protein density had an HR of 1.20 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.42) relative to the HR for total protein density. In comparison, cancer and diabetes risk showed little association with animal protein density beyond that attributable to total protein density. Inverse carbohydrate density associations with total CVD were mostly attributable to fiber density, with a 20% increment HR factor of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.94). Cancer risk showed little association with fiber density, whereas diabetes risk had a 20% increment HR of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.98) relative to the HRs for total carbohydrate density. CONCLUSIONS:
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Authors | Ross L Prentice, Mary Pettinger, Cheng Zheng, Marian L Neuhouser, Daniel Raftery, G A Nagana Gowda, Ying Huang, Lesley F Tinker, Barbara V Howard, JoAnn E Manson, Linda Van Horn, Robert Wallace, Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani, Karen C Johnson, Linda Snetselaar, Johanna W Lampe |
Journal | The Journal of nutrition
(J Nutr)
Vol. 152
Issue 4
Pg. 1107-1117
(04 01 2022)
ISSN: 1541-6100 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 35015878
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
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Copyright | © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition. |
Chemical References |
- Biomarkers
- Dietary Carbohydrates
- Dietary Proteins
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Topics |
- Biomarkers
- Chronic Disease
- Dietary Carbohydrates
- Dietary Proteins
- Female
- Humans
- Postmenopause
- Prospective Studies
- Risk Factors
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