Although many studies have focused on
SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs, comparatively little is known about the potential effects of the virus on male fertility.
SARS-CoV-2 infection of target cells requires the presence of
furin,
angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, and transmembrane
protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Thus, cells in the body that express these
proteins might be highly susceptible to viral entry and downstream effects. Currently, reports regarding the expression of the viral entry
proteins in the testes are conflicting; however, other members of the SARS-CoV family of viruses - such as SARS-CoV - have been suspected to cause testicular dysfunction and/or
orchitis. SARS-CoV-2, which displays many similarities to SARS-CoV, could potentially cause similar adverse effects. Commonalities between SARS family members, taken in combination with sparse reports of testicular discomfort and altered
hormone levels in patients with SARS-CoV-2, might indicate possible testicular dysfunction. Thus,
SARS-CoV-2 infection has the potential for effects on testis somatic and germline cells and experimental approaches might be required to help identify potential short-term and long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 on male fertility.