Background: To evaluate
hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on
infection rates and repair rates during the treatment of large
jaw cysts. Methods: A prospective randomized, non-blinded, controlled clinical trial included 90 patients with
jaw cysts, randomly divided into three groups. Patients were treated with enucleations and
bone substitute was used in the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received HBOT. The primary predictor variable was HBOT. The
infection rate, repair rate, preoperative volume of the
jaw cysts, age, and sex were statistically analyzed. The Fisher exact test was used to compare the
infection rate and postoperative complications. The repair rate of the bone defects was analyzed using the repeated-measures analysis of variance and the least significant difference tests. The Kendall's coefficient of concordance and Kappa statistics were calculated to evaluate the consistency between the two investigators. Results: The
infection rate was 3.4% in the experimental group, 14.3% in the blank group, and 32.1% in the control group (P<0.05). The repair rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control and blank groups at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that HBOT reduced the postoperative
infection rate following the enucleation of large
jaw cysts with
bone substitute filling, and it also improved the bone repair rate.