Maternal vitamin D intake and BMI during pregnancy in relation to child's growth and weight status from birth to 8 years: a large national cohort study.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

To examine the associations between maternal vitamin D intake and childhood growth and risk of overweight up to 8 years. We further examined the effect modification by maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI).

DESIGN:

Prospective population-based pregnancy cohort study.

SETTING:

The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study.

PARTICIPANTS:

In total, 58 724 mothers and 66 840 singleton children, with information on maternal vitamin D intake during the pregnancy and minimum one postnatal anthropometric measurement.

OUTCOME MEASURES:

Predicted weight and height growth trajectories and velocities from 1 month to 8 years, rapid growth during infancy and toddlerhood, and risk of overweight in preschool and school age.

RESULTS:

Overall, maternal vitamin D intake was associated with lower weight trajectory, lower odds of rapid weight growth and higher odds of childhood overweight. In children of mothers with prepregnancy normal weight, maternal vitamin D intake was negatively associated with weight trajectory and lower OR of a rapid weight growth during the first year, compared with reference (<5 µg/day). Children of mothers with normal weight, with maternal vitamin D intakes of 10-15 and >15 µg/day, also had 0.86 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.97) and 0.88 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.99) lower odds for overweight at 3 years, compared with reference. In contrast, in children of mothers with prepregnancy overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2), vitamin D intake was positively associated with weight trajectory. Children of mothers with overweight, with maternal vitamin D intake of 5-9.9 µg/day, also had (1.09 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.18) and 1.12 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.23)) higher odds for overweight at 5 years and 8 years, compared with reference.

CONCLUSIONS:

Maternal vitamin D intake affects postnatal growth and is inversely associated with childhood overweight in children of mothers with normal weight. Associations between maternal vitamin D intake and child growth and risk of overweight varied by prepregnancy BMI.

• Authors: Anna Amberntsson, Eleni Papadopoulou, Anna Winkvist, Lauren Lissner, Helle Margrete Meltzer, Anne Lise Brantsaeter, Hanna Augustin
• Journal: BMJ open (BMJ Open) Vol. 11 Issue 10 Pg. e048980 (10 01 2021) ISSN: 2044-6055 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 34598984 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.

Chemical References

• Vitamin D

Topics

• Birth Weight
• Body Mass Index
• Child
• Child, Preschool
• Cohort Studies
• Female
• Humans
• Mothers
• Overweight (epidemiology)
• Pregnancy
• Prospective Studies
• Vitamin D