Nephrolithiasis is the most common type of urinary system disease in developed countries, with high morbidity and recurrence rates.
Nephrolithiasis is a serious health problem, which eventually leads to the loss of renal function and is closely related to
hypertension. Modern medicine has adopted
minimally invasive surgery for the management of
kidney stones, but this does not resolve the root of the problem. Thus,
nephrolithiasis remains a major public health issue, the causes of which remain largely unknown. Researchers have attempted to determine the causes and therapeutic targets of
kidney stones and calculus‑related
hypertension. Solute carrier family 26 member 6 (SLC26A6), a member of the well‑conserved solute carrier family 26, is highly expressed in the kidney and intestines, and it primarily mediates the transport of various
anions, including OXa2‑, HCO3‑, Cl‑ and SO42‑, amongst others. Na+‑dependent dicarboxylate‑1 (NADC‑1) is the Na+‑carboxylate co‑transporter of the SLC13 gene family, which primarily mediates the co‑transport of Na+ and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, such as
citrate and
succinate, amongst others. Studies have shown that Ca2+
oxalate kidney stones are the most prevalent type of
kidney stones.
Hyperoxaluria and hypocitraturia notably increase the risk of forming Ca2+
oxalate kidney stones, and the increase in
succinate in the juxtaglomerular device can stimulate
renin secretion and lead to
hypertension. Whilst it is known that it is important to maintain the dynamic equilibrium of
oxalate and
citrate in the kidney, the synergistic molecular mechanisms underlying the transport of
oxalate and
citrate across kidney epithelial cells have undergone limited investigations. The present review examines the results from early reports studying
oxalate transport and
citrate transport in the kidney, describing the synergistic molecular mechanisms of SLC26A6 and NADC‑1 in the process of
nephrolithiasis formation. A growing body of research has shown that
nephrolithiasis is intricately associated with
hypertension. Additionally, the recent investigations into the mediation of
succinate via regulation of the synergistic molecular mechanism between the SLC26A6 and NADC‑1 transporters is summarized, revealing their functional role and their close association with the
inositol triphosphate receptor‑binding
protein to regulate blood pressure.