Two Solitudes: Wilder Penfield, Ewen Cameron, and the Search for a Better Lobotomy.

Abstract

In the 1940s, Wilder Penfield carried out a series of experimental psychosurgeries with the psychiatrist D. Ewen Cameron. This article explores Penfield's brief foray into psychosurgery and uses this episode to re-examine the emergence of his surgical enterprise. Penfield's greatest achievement - the surgical treatment of epilepsy - grew from the same roots as psychosurgery, and the histories of these treatments overlap in surprising ways. Within the contexts of Rockefeller-funded neuropsychiatry and Adolf Meyer's psychobiology, Penfield's frontal lobe operations (including a key operation on his sister) played a crucial role in the development of lobotomy in the 1930s. The combination of ambiguous data and the desire to collaborate with a psychiatrist encouraged Penfield to try to develop a superior operation. However, unlike his collaboration with psychiatrists, Penfield's productive working relationship with psychologists encouraged him to abandon the experimental "gyrectomy" procedure. The story of Penfield's attempt to find a better lobotomy can help us to examine different forms of interdisciplinarity within biomedicine.

• Authors: Yvan Prkachin
• Journal: Canadian bulletin of medical history = Bulletin canadien d'histoire de la medecine (Can Bull Med Hist) Vol. 38 Issue 2 Pg. 253-284 ( 2021) ISSN: 0823-2105 [Print] Canada
• PMID: 34403614 (Publication Type: Historical Article, Journal Article)

Topics

• Health Occupations
• History, 20th Century
• Humans
• Male
• Neuropsychiatry
• Neurosciences
• Neurosurgery
• Psychosurgery