Breast cancer is the most common cause of
malignancy and
cancer-related morbidity and death worldwide that requests effective and safe
chemotherapy. Evaluation of metallodrug-based
anticancer agents and
statins as chemotherapeutics with fewer side effects is a largely unexplored research field. Synthesis and characterization of the
ruthenium-
fluvastatin complex were achieved using multiple spectroscopic techniques and thus further examined to evaluate its chemotherapeutic prospects in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7
cancer lines and eventually in vivo models of DMBA-induced mammary
carcinogenesis in rodents. Our studies indicate that the
metal and
ligand chelation was materialized by the
ligand's functional groups of carbonyl (=O)
oxygen and
hydroxyl (-
OH), and the complex has been observed to be crystalline and able to chelate with CT-
DNA. The complex was able to reduce cell proliferation and activate apoptotic events in
breast carcinoma cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. In addition, the complex was able to modify p53 expressions to interfere with apoptosis in the
carcinoma of the breast, stimulated by the intrinsic apoptotic path assisted by Bcl2 and Bax in vivo, yet at the same point, controlling the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/
VEGF pathway, as obtained from western blotting, correlates with the MMP9-regulated
tumor mechanisms. Our research reveals that
ruthenium-
fluvastatin chemotherapy may disrupt, rescind, or interrupt
breast carcinoma progression by modifying intrinsic apoptosis as well as the antiangiogenic cascade, thereby taking the role of a potential candidate in
cancer therapy for the immediate future.