Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (
ADHD) is a
psychiatric disease with a prevalence of 2%-7.5% among the population. It is characterized by three core symptoms: hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. Although the majority of
ADHD patients respond to a combination of psychotherapy and standard
pharmacotherapy with
Methylphenidate, there is a significant minority of patients that do not respond to these substances. Additionally, the treatment with
Methylphenidate can cause a variety of side effects like
insomnia,
headache, decreased appetite, and
xerostomia. It would be favorable to have an alternative treatment-option that could circumnavigate the shortcomings of traditional pharmacological treatments. Recent results show that
transcranial electrical stimulation (
tES) might offer a promising approach. Since research has shown that
ADHD is associated with various alterations in brain activity, brain stimulation methods targeting different facets of neuronal functions are currently under investigation. In this article, we briefly review different
tES techniques like
transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS),
transcranial direct current stimulation (
tDCS) and
transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and explain the modes of action of these brain stimulations. We will specifically focus on
transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) as a potential method of treating
ADHD.