Associations Between Preoperative Biomarkers and Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Elderly Patients: A Cohort Study.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with mortality after cardiac surgery. Novel risk factors may improve identification of patients at risk for renal injury. The authors evaluated the association between preoperative biomarkers that reflect cardiac, inflammatory, renal, and metabolic disorders and cardiac surgery-associated AKI (CSA-AKI) in elderly patients.

METHODS:

This was a secondary analysis of the 2-center prospective cohort study "Anesthesia Geriatric Evaluation." Twelve biomarkers were determined preoperatively in 539 patients. Primary outcome was CSA-AKI. The association between biomarkers and CSA-AKI was investigated with multivariable logistic regression analysis. Secondary outcomes were 1-year mortality and patient-reported disability and were assessed with relative risks (RR) between patients with and without CSA-AKI.

RESULTS:

CSA-AKI occurred in 88 (16.3%) patients and was associated with increased risk of mortality (RR, 6.70 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.38-13.30]) and disability (RR, 2.13 [95% CI, 1.53-2.95]). Preoperative concentrations of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), hemoglobin, and magnesium had the strongest association with CSA-AKI. Identification of patients with CSA-AKI improved when a biomarker panel was used (area under the curve [AUC] 0.75 [95% CI, 0.69-0.80]) compared to when only clinical risk factors were used (European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation [EuroSCORE II] AUC 0.67 [95% CI, 0.62-0.73]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Preoperative cardiac, inflammatory, renal, and metabolic biomarkers are associated with CSA-AKI and may improve identification of patients at risk.

• Authors: Lisa Verwijmeren, Madeleen Bosma, Lisette M Vernooij, Esther M Linde, Ineke M Dijkstra, Edgar J Daeter, Eric P A Van Dongen, Wilton A Van Klei, Peter G Noordzij
• Journal: Anesthesia and analgesia (Anesth Analg) Vol. 133 Issue 3 Pg. 570-577 (09 01 2021) ISSN: 1526-7598 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 34153017 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Observational Study, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Webcast)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2021 International Anesthesia Research Society.

Chemical References

• Biomarkers
• Hemoglobins
• Peptide Fragments
• pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76)
• Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
• C-Reactive Protein
• Magnesium

Topics

• Acute Kidney Injury (diagnosis, etiology, mortality)
• Age Factors
• Aged
• Biomarkers (blood)
• C-Reactive Protein (analysis)
• Cardiac Surgical Procedures (adverse effects, mortality)
• Disability Evaluation
• Female
• Functional Status
• Geriatric Assessment
• Hemoglobins (analysis)
• Humans
• Magnesium (blood)
• Male
• Natriuretic Peptide, Brain (blood)
• Netherlands
• Peptide Fragments (blood)
• Prospective Studies
• Risk Assessment
• Risk Factors
• Time Factors
• Treatment Outcome