Dexamethasone-Sparing Regimens with Oral Netupitant and Palonosetron for the Prevention of Emesis Caused by High-Dose Cisplatin: A Randomized Noninferiority Study.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

To reduce the overall exposure to dexamethasone (DEX) in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy, we evaluated the noninferiority of DEX on day 1, with or without low-dose DEX on days 2 and 3, combined with an oral fixed-dose combination of netupitant and palonosetron (NEPA), compared with the guideline-consistent use of 4-day DEX.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

In this open-label, multicenter study, chemotherapy-naïve patients undergoing high-dose cisplatin (≥70 mg/m2 ), were given NEPA and DEX (12 mg) on day 1 and randomized (1:1:1 ratio) to receive either (a) no further DEX (DEX1), (b) oral DEX (4 mg daily) on days 2-3 (DEX3), or (c) DEX (4 mg twice daily) on days 2-4 (DEX4). The primary efficacy endpoint was complete response (CR: no emesis and no rescue medication) during the 5-day overall phase. The noninferiority margin was set at -15% difference (DEX1 or DEX3 minus DEX4). Secondary efficacy endpoints included complete protection (CP: CR and none or mild nausea).

RESULTS:

Two-hundred twenty-eight patients, 76 in each arm, were assessable. Noninferiority was met for both DEX-sparing regimens and the reference arm, with overall phase CR rates of 76.3% in each of the DEX1 and DEX3 arms and 75.0% in the DEX4 arm (95% confidence interval, -12.3% to 15% for each comparison). During the overall phase, CP rates were similar between groups.

CONCLUSION:

A simplified regimen of NEPA plus single-dose DEX offers comparable chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting prevention throughout 5 days post-chemotherapy with the advantage of sparing patients additional doses of DEX in the high-emetic-risk setting of cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:

Dexamethasone (DEX) has traditionally played an integral role in the management of chemotherapy-induced emesis. Although generally considered safe, even short-term DEX use is associated with various side effects, and some evidence suggests that concurrent steroids may reduce the efficacy of immunotherapies. This study demonstrates comparable antiemetic control during the 5 days post-chemotherapy with a simplified regimen of netupitant/palonosetron plus single-dose DEX versus the standard 4-day DEX reference treatment in high-dose cisplatin. This represents a clinically relevant achievement as it not only simplifies antiemetic prophylaxis but also offers an opportunity to appropriately use in patients where caution with corticosteroid use is advised.

• Authors: Luigi Celio, Diego Cortinovis, Alessio Aligi Cogoni, Luigi Cavanna, Olga Martelli, Simona Carnio, Elena Collovà, Federica Bertolini, Fausto Petrelli, Alessandra Cassano, Rita Chiari, Francesca Zanelli, Salvatore Pisconti, Isabella Vittimberga, Antonietta Letizia, Andrea Misino, Angela Gernone, Erminio Bonizzoni, Sara Pilotto, Sabino De Placido, Emilio Bria
• Journal: The oncologist (Oncologist) Vol. 26 Issue 10 Pg. e1854-e1861 (10 2021) ISSN: 1549-490X [Electronic] England
• PMID: 34101934 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2021 The Authors. The Oncologist published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of AlphaMed Press.

Chemical References

• Antiemetics
• Pyridines
• Quinuclidines
• Palonosetron
• netupitant
• Dexamethasone
• Cisplatin

Topics

• Antiemetics (therapeutic use)
• Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols (adverse effects)
• Cisplatin (adverse effects)
• Dexamethasone
• Humans
• Palonosetron (therapeutic use)
• Pyridines
• Quinuclidines
• Vomiting (chemically induced, drug therapy, prevention & control)