Population Pharmacokinetics of Olanzapine and Samidorphan When Administered in Combination in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Schizophrenia.

Abstract

A combination of olanzapine and samidorphan was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder. Population pharmacokinetic models for olanzapine and samidorphan were developed using data from 11 clinical studies in healthy subjects or patients with schizophrenia. A 2-compartment disposition model with first-order absorption and elimination and a lag time for absorption adequately described concentration-time profiles of both olanzapine and samidorphan. Age, sex, race, smoking status, and body weight were identified as covariates that impacted the pharmacokinetics of olanzapine. A moderate effect of body weight on samidorphan pharmacokinetics was identified by the model but was not considered clinically meaningful. The effects of food, hepatic or renal impairment, and coadministration with rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of olanzapine and samidorphan, as estimated by the population pharmacokinetic analysis, were consistent with findings from dedicated clinical studies designed to evaluate these specific covariates of interest. Food intake did not have a clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics of olanzapine or samidorphan. Consistent with the known metabolic pathways for olanzapine (primarily via uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase-mediated direct glucuronidation and cytochrome P450 [CYP]-mediated oxidation) and for samidorphan (predominantly mediated by CYP3A4), coadministration of olanzapine and samidorphan with rifampin, a strong inducer of CYP3A4 and an inducer of uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes, significantly decreased the systemic exposure of both olanzapine and samidorphan. Severe renal impairment or moderate hepatic impairment resulted in a modest increase in olanzapine and samidorphan exposure.

• Authors: Lei Sun, Richard Mills, Brian M Sadler, Bhaskar Rege
• Journal: Journal of clinical pharmacology (J Clin Pharmacol) Vol. 61 Issue 11 Pg. 1430-1441 (11 2021) ISSN: 1552-4604 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 34018607 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Clinical Pharmacology.

Chemical References

• Antipsychotic Agents
• Drug Combinations
• Narcotic Antagonists
• Naltrexone
• 3-carboxamido-4-hydroxynaltrexone
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A
• Olanzapine
• Rifampin

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Age Factors
• Aged
• Antipsychotic Agents (administration & dosage, pharmacokinetics)
• Body Weight
• Cigarette Smoking (metabolism)
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A (drug effects)
• Drug Combinations
• Female
• Food-Drug Interactions
• Humans
• Liver Failure (metabolism)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Naltrexone (administration & dosage, analogs & derivatives, pharmacokinetics)
• Narcotic Antagonists (administration & dosage, pharmacokinetics)
• Olanzapine (administration & dosage, pharmacokinetics)
• Racial Groups
• Renal Insufficiency (metabolism)
• Rifampin (pharmacology)
• Schizophrenia (drug therapy)
• Sex Factors
• Young Adult