Abstract |
Neuroinflammation is associated with neuronal cell death and could lead to chronic neurodegeneration. This study investigated the neuroprotective potential of virgin coconut oil (VCO) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytotoxicity of neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. The findings were validated using Wistar rats, which were fed with 1-10 g/kg VCO for 31 days, exposed to LPS (0.25 mg/kg) and subjected to the Morris Water Maze Test. Brain homogenate was subjected to biochemical analyses and gene expression studies. α- Tocopherol (α-T; 150 mg/kg) served as the positive control. VCO (100 µg/mL) significantly (p < 0.01) improved SK-N-SH viability (+57%) and inhibited reactive oxygen species (-31%) in the presence of LPS. VCO (especially 10 g/kg) also significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced spatial memory of LPS-challenged rats. Brain homogenate of VCO-fed rats was presented with increased acetylcholine (+33%) and reduced acetylcholinesterase (-43%). The upregulated antioxidants may have reduced neuroinflammation [ malondialdehyde (-51%), nitric oxide (-49%), Cox-2 (-64%) and iNos (-63%)] through upregulation of IL-10 (+30%) and downregulation of IL-1β (-65%) and Interferon-γ (-25%). There was also reduced expression of Bace-1 (-77%). VCO-induced neuroprotection, which was comparable to α-T, could be mediated, in part, through inflammatory, cholinergic and amyloidogenic pathways.
|
Authors | Nur Syafiqah Rahim, Siong Meng Lim, Vasudevan Mani, Nurul Aqmar Mohamad Nor Hazalin, Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed, Kalavathy Ramasamy |
Journal | Journal of dietary supplements
(J Diet Suppl)
Vol. 18
Issue 6
Pg. 655-681
( 2021)
ISSN: 1939-022X [Electronic] England |
PMID | 33962540
(Publication Type: Journal Article)
|
Chemical References |
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
- Cholinergic Agents
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Acetylcholinesterase
- Coconut Oil
|
Topics |
- Acetylcholinesterase
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
(pharmacology)
- Cholinergic Agents
(pharmacology)
- Coconut Oil
- Lipopolysaccharides
(pharmacology)
- Neuroprotection
- Oxidative Stress
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
|