Evaluation of single-drug and combination antifungal therapy in an experimental model of candidiasis in rabbits with prolonged neutropenia.

Abstract

We developed an experimental model of candidiasis in rabbits with prolonged neutropenia. Rabbits were made neutropenic with cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) administered through an indwelling silastic catheter that had been surgically implanted in the external jugular vein. Neutropenia was sustained with intravenous Ara-C, and bacterial complications were prevented with parenteral ceftazidime plus ampicillin. Candidiasis was established by intravenously administering Candida albicans or Candida tropicalis (1-2 x 10(5) colony-forming units) and resulted in hepatic and splenic lesions that mimicked those associated with hepatosplenic candidiasis in humans. The kidney proved to be the site most refractory to eradication of Candida spp. and offered a target organ for assessing antifungal therapy. We evaluated amphotericin B, 5-flucytosine, ketoconazole, and rifampin, alone and in combination. Although each agent reduced the colony counts of Candida in the liver, spleen, and lung, the combination of amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine was the only regimen effective in eradicating renal candidiasis.

• Authors: M Thaler, J Bacher, T O'Leary, P A Pizzo
• Journal: The Journal of infectious diseases (J Infect Dis) Vol. 158 Issue 1 Pg. 80-8 (Jul 1988) ISSN: 0022-1899 [Print] United States
• PMID: 3392423 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Antifungal Agents
• Cytarabine
• Amphotericin B
• Flucytosine
• Ketoconazole
• Rifampin

Topics

• Agranulocytosis (complications)
• Amphotericin B (administration & dosage)
• Animals
• Antifungal Agents (administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
• Candidiasis (drug therapy, etiology, pathology)
• Cytarabine (toxicity)
• Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
• Drug Therapy, Combination
• Female
• Flucytosine (administration & dosage)
• Ketoconazole (administration & dosage)
• Neutropenia (complications, diagnosis)
• Rabbits
• Rifampin (administration & dosage)