The analog of cGAMP, c-di-AMP, activates STING mediated cell death pathway in estrogen-receptor negative breast cancer cells.

Abstract

Immune adaptor protein like STING/MITA regulate innate immune response and plays a critical role in inflammation in the tumor microenvironment and regulation of metastasis including breast cancer. Chromosomal instability in highly metastatic cells releases fragmented chromosomal parts in the cytoplasm, hence the activation of STING via an increased level of cyclic dinucleotides (cDNs) synthesized by cGMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). Cyclic dinucleotides 2' 3'-cGAMP and it's analog can potentially activate STING mediated pathways leading to nuclear translocation of p65 and IRF-3 and transcription of inflammatory genes. The differential modulation of STING pathway via 2' 3'-cGAMP and its analog and its implication in breast tumorigenesis is still not well explored. In the current study, we demonstrated that c-di-AMP can activate type-1 IFN response in ER negative breast cancer cell lines which correlate with STING expression. c-di-AMP binds to STING and activates downstream IFN pathways in STING positive metastatic MDA-MB-231/MX-1 cells. Prolonged treatment of c-di-AMP induces cell death in STING positive metastatic MDA-MB-231/MX-1 cells mediated by IRF-3. c-di-AMP induces IRF-3 translocation to mitochondria and initiates Caspase-9 mediated cell death and inhibits clonogenicity of triple-negative breast cancer cells. This study suggests that c-di-AMP can activate and modulates STING pathway to induce mitochondrial mediated apoptosis in estrogen-receptor negative breast cancer cells.

• Authors: Hitesh Vasiyani, Anjali Shinde, Milton Roy, Minal Mane, Kritarth Singh, Jyoti Singh, Dhruv Gohel, Fatema Currim, Khushali Vaidya, Mahesh Chhabria, Rajesh Singh
• Journal: Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death (Apoptosis) Vol. 26 Issue 5-6 Pg. 293-306 (06 2021) ISSN: 1573-675X [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 33840002 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Dinucleoside Phosphates
• IRF3 protein, human
• Interferon Regulatory Factor-3
• Interferon Type I
• Membrane Proteins
• Receptors, Estrogen
• Receptors, Progesterone
• STING1 protein, human
• cyclic diadenosine phosphate

Topics

• Apoptosis (drug effects)
• Cell Death (drug effects)
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Dinucleoside Phosphates (metabolism, pharmacology)
• Humans
• Immunity, Innate (drug effects)
• Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 (metabolism)
• Interferon Type I (metabolism)
• Membrane Proteins (genetics, metabolism)
• Mitochondria (metabolism)
• Protein Binding
• Receptors, Estrogen (metabolism)
• Receptors, Progesterone (metabolism)
• Signal Transduction (drug effects)
• Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms (metabolism, pathology)