Abstract |
Nonhomologous DNA end joining (NHEJ) is one of the major DNA double-strand break ( DSB) repair pathways in eukaryotes. The well-known critical proteins involved in NHEJ include Ku70/80, DNA- PKcs, Artemis, DNA pol λ/μ, DNA ligase IV-XRCC4, and XLF. Recent studies have added a number of new proteins to the NHEJ repertoire namely paralog of XRCC4 and XLF ( PAXX), modulator of retroviral infection (MRI)/ cell cycle regulator of NHEJ (CYREN), transactivation response DNA-binding protein (TARDBP) of 43 kDa (TDP-43), intermediate filament family orphan (IFFO1), ERCC excision repair 6 like 2 (ERCC6L2), and RNase H2. PAXX acts as a stabilizing factor for the main NHEJ components. MRI/CYREN seems to play a dual role stimulating NHEJ in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, while inhibiting the pathway in the S and G2 phases. TDP-43 can recruit the ligase IV-XRCC4 complex to the DSB sites and stimulate ligation in neuronal cells. RNase H2 excises out the ribonucleotides inserted during repair by DNA polymerase μ/TdT. This review provides a brief glimpse into how these new partners were discovered and their contribution to the mechanism and regulation of NHEJ.
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Authors | Dipayan Ghosh, Sathees C Raghavan |
Journal | Trends in genetics : TIG
(Trends Genet)
Vol. 37
Issue 6
Pg. 582-599
(06 2021)
ISSN: 0168-9525 [Print] England |
PMID | 33785198
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- IFFO1 protein, human
- Intermediate Filament Proteins
- PAXX protein, human
- Proteins
- TARDBP protein, human
- Ribonucleases
- DNA Helicases
- ERCC6L2 protein, human
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Topics |
- Animals
- DNA End-Joining Repair
(physiology)
- DNA Helicases
(genetics, metabolism)
- DNA-Binding Proteins
(genetics, metabolism)
- Humans
- Intermediate Filament Proteins
(genetics, metabolism)
- Proteins
(genetics, metabolism)
- Ribonucleases
(genetics, metabolism)
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